Since 2004, the French concern Peugeot-Citroen has been producing 1.6-liter diesel engines of the HDi series, which quickly gained popularity due to their economy and reliability. These engines are known by different names such as Ford 1.6 TDCi, Suzuki 1.6 DDiS, Mini One D and Mitsubishi 1.6 DI-D. They have undergone several stages of modernization and are divided into three generations, each with its own design features and technological innovations.
Design and Technology
First Generation (2004-2009)
The first generation engines, introduced in 2004, had a 16-valve cylinder head and an aluminum cylinder block with cast iron liners. One of the key features of these engines was the timing system, which included a belt from the crankshaft to the exhaust camshaft and a small chain to the intake camshaft. Fuel injection was accomplished by a Bosch Common Rail system with solenoid injectors. Depending on the engine power, they were equipped with different turbochargers: low-power versions used a conventional Mitsubishi TD025 turbine, and more powerful versions (more than 100 hp) received a turbine with variable geometry Garrett GT1544V.
Second Generation (from 2009)
In 2009, the first generation was replaced by the second generation engines, which received an 8-valve cylinder head. The design was modified to simplify and improve reliability by removing the chain between the intake and exhaust camshafts. Low-power versions of these engines were still equipped with Mitsubishi TD02H2 turbocharger and Bosch Common Rail system with electromagnetic injectors, while more powerful versions were equipped with Garrett GTC1244VZ turbines and Siemens (Continental) Common Rail system with piezo injectors.
Modifications and Applications
Peugeot’s 1.6-liter 1.6 HDi diesel engines are known for their variety of modifications and improvements in different generations. Launched in 2004, these motors are divided into three main generations, each with its own features and modifications.
First Generation (16-valve GTB, 2004-2009)
The first 1.6-liter 1.6 HDi diesels appeared in 2004 and were equipped with a 16-valve cylinder head (CCH) and a compression ratio of 17.6 to 18.0. These engines used Bosch’s Common Rail injection system and were offered in various power versions.
Technical specifications:
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Type | Ready |
| Number of cylinders | 4 |
| Number of valves | 16 |
| Definite displacement | 1560 cm³ |
| Cylinder diameter | 75 mm |
| Piston stroke | 88.3 mm |
| Power System | Common Rail |
| Power | 75 – 109 hp |
| Torque | 180 – 240 Nm |
| Compression ratio | 17.6 – 18.0 |
| Fuel type | Diesel |
| Environmental standards | Euro 4 |
Modifications:
| Engine Model | Engine code | Power (hp) | Torque (Nm) | Applicability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DV6TED4 | 9HY | 109 | 240 | Citroen C4 I, C5 I, Peugeot 206, 307, 407 |
| DV6TED4 | 9HZ | 109 | 240 | Citroen C4 I, C5 I, Peugeot 206, 307, 407 |
| DV6ATED4 | 9HX | 90 | 215 | Citroen C3 I, C4 I, Peugeot 207, 307, 308 I |
| DV6ATED4 | 9HV | 90 | 215 | Citroen C3 I, C4 I, Peugeot 207, 307, 308 I |
| DV6BTED4 | 9HW | 75 | 185 | Citroen Berlingo I, Peugeot Partner I |
| DV6BTED4 | 9HT | 75 | 185 | Citroen Berlingo I, Peugeot Partner I |
| DV6UTED4 | 9HU | 90 | 180 | Citroen Jumpy II, Peugeot Expert II |
| DV6TED4BU | 9HS | 90 | 215 | Citroen Berlingo II, Peugeot Partner II |
These engines were also used in European versions of Suzuki and Mini under their own indices:
| Manufacturer | Engine code | Power (hp) | Torque (Nm) | Applicability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suzuki | 10JBAX | 90 | 215 | Suzuki SX4 GY |
| Mini | W16D16 | 109 | 240 | Mini Clubman R55, Hatch R56 |
Second generation (8-valve cylinder head, 2009-2015)
From 2009, production of the second generation of diesel engines with 8-valve cylinder heads and a compression ratio of 16.0 began. These engines also used the Common Rail injection system, but by Siemens and Bosch.
Technical specifications:
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Type | Ready |
| Number of cylinders | 4 |
| Number of valves | 8 |
| Definite displacement | 1560 cm³ |
| Cylinder diameter | 75 mm |
| Piston stroke | 88.3 mm |
| Power System | Common Rail |
| Power | 75 – 115 hp |
| Torque | 185 – 270 Nm |
| Compression ratio | 16.0 |
| Fuel type | Diesel |
| Environmental standards | Euro 5 |
Modifications:
| Engine Model | Engine code | Power (hp) | Torque (Nm) | Applicability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DV6CTED | 9HL | 112 | 270 | Citroen C5 II, Peugeot 508 I |
| DV6CTED | 9HR | 112 | 270 | Citroen C3 II, C4 II, Peugeot 308 I, 3008 I |
| DV6CTED | 9HG | 115 | 270 | Citroen C4 II Sedan, Peugeot 408 I |
| DV6CTED | 9HC | 115 | 270 | Citroen C4 II Picasso, Peugeot 308 II |
| DV6CTED | 9HD | 115 | 270 | Citroen C4 Aircross, Peugeot 4008 |
| DV6CUTED | 9HM | 90 | 180 | Citroen Jumpy II, Peugeot Expert II |
| DV6DTED | 9HP | 92 | 230 | Citroen C3 II, C4 II, Peugeot 207, 208, 308 I |
| DV6DTED | 9HJ | 92 | 230 | Citroen C-Elysee, Peugeot 207, 301, 2008 I |
| DV6DTED | 9HF | 92 | 230 | Citroen Berlingo II, Peugeot Partner II |
| DV6DTED | 9HE | 92 | 230 | Citroen Berlingo II, Peugeot Partner II |
| DV6DUTED | 9HH | 90 | 180 | Citroen Jumpy II, Peugeot Expert II |
| DV6ETED | 9HN | 75 | 185 | Citroen Berlingo II, Peugeot Partner II |
| DV6ETED | 9HK | 75 | 185 | Citroen Berlingo II, Peugeot Partner II |
These engines were also installed in Mitsubishi, and in the catalogs it has an index like Peugeot:
| Manufacturer | Engine code | Power (hp) | Torque (Nm) | Applicability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mitsubishi | 9HD | 114 | 270 | Mitsubishi ASX GA |
Third Generation (8-valve HDi cylinder head, 2015-present)
The third generation of 1.6 HDi diesels was introduced with an 8-valve cylinder head and a compression ratio of 17.0. These motors are equipped with Common Rail injection system from Siemens and Bosch and meet the EURO 6 environmental standards.
Specifications:
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Type | Ready |
| Number of cylinders | 4 |
| Number of valves | 8 |
| Definite displacement | 1560 cm³ |
| Cylinder diameter | 75 mm |
| Piston stroke | 88.3 mm |
| Power System | Common Rail |
| Power | 75 – 120 hp |
| Torque | 230 – 300 Nm |
| Compression ratio | 17.0 |
| Fuel type | Diesel |
| Environmental standards | Euro 6 |
Modifications:
| Engine Model | Engine type | Power (hp) | Torque (Nm) | Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DV6FCTED | 8V, Common Rail Siemens | 120 | 300 | Citroen C4 II, DS5, Peugeot 2008 I, 3008 I |
| DV6FCUTED | 8V, Common Rail Siemens | 116 | 300 | Citroen Spacetourer I, Peugeot Traveller I |
| DV6FDTED | 8V, Common Rail Bosch | 99 | 255 | Citroen C3 II, DS3, DS4, Peugeot 208 I, 308 II |
| DV6FDUTED | 8V, Common Rail Bosch | 95 | 210 | Citroen Spacetourer I, Peugeot Traveller I |
| DV6FETED | 8V, Common Rail Bosch | 75 | 230 | Citroen Berlingo II, Peugeot Partner II |
Performance and Reliability
Both versions of the 1.6 HDi engines are characterized by high fuel efficiency and low emissions, enabling them to meet stringent environmental standards. The first generation met EURO 4 standards, while the second generation already meets EURO 5 requirements.
One of the key factors in the success of these engines is their reliability. Despite the complex design and the use of modern technology, 1.6 HDi engines have proven to be reliable and durable units. They are able to withstand high mileage provided regular maintenance and the use of quality consumables.
Technological Advances and the Future
The evolution of the 1.6 HDi engines didn’t stop at the second generation. In the following years, Peugeot-Citroen engineers continued to work on improving these units, introducing new technologies and increasing their efficiency. It is important to note that the 1.6 HDi engines have been the basis for the development of other diesel units such as the 1.4 HDi and 1.5 HDi, which are also in demand in the market.
In the future, we can expect to see further improvements in these engines towards greater environmental friendliness and efficiency. Advances in fuel injection technology, turbocharging and exhaust aftertreatment systems will make diesel engines even more fuel efficient and cleaner.
Disadvantages, Problems and Breakdowns of 1.6 HDi Engines
1.6-liter HDi diesel engines from Peugeot and Citroen, although recognized for their economy and efficiency, are not without a number of shortcomings and problems faced by owners of these cars. Let’s consider the main problems and breakdowns characteristic of these engines.
Wear of camshaft cams
One of the first problems that appeared in the engines 1.6 HDi in the first years of production, was the rapid wear of camshaft cams. Particularly susceptible to this wear were the hydraulic tensioners on the chain connecting the intake and exhaust camshafts. Wear of these components led to timing malfunctions, which in turn caused unstable engine operation. Owners often complained about a sharp drop in power, increased fuel consumption and the appearance of extraneous noises in the engine.
Leaks from the airbox
Diesel engines of this series are known for their regular leaks of oil and antifreeze. Especially often this problem occurred in the first generation engines. The main cause was a cracking pneumodoser, from which grease flowed directly onto the belt. These leaks not only resulted in the need for frequent oil top-ups, but could also damage other engine components, causing more serious malfunctions.
High turbine life
Many owners of cars with 1.6 HDi engines complain about poor turbocharger life. The turbo, sometimes thought of as a consumable item, often fails due to a clogged coarse filter located in the oil feed tube fitting. This clogged filter restricts oil flow to the turbine, causing it to overheat and break down. Car owners are faced with the need for frequent turbocharger replacement, which significantly increases maintenance costs.
Bosch CP4 problematic fuel injector
Second-generation engines with less than 100 hp were equipped with a Bosch CP4S1 high-pressure fuel pump (HPP) with two plungers. This pump has a tendency for the rollers to jam, resulting in the formation of metal shavings. The chips spread throughout the fuel system and clog the fuel injectors, which are very expensive to replace. This leads to significant repair costs and can cause serious engine performance problems.
Typical Diesel Breakdowns
As with many modern diesels, 1.6 HDi engines suffer from the EGR valve sticking and seizing. There are periodic problems with the fuel system and clogging of the particulate filter. It is also important to monitor the condition of the timing belt, as its breakage can lead to rocker failure and serious engine damage. These problems require regular maintenance and attention from owners.
Real engine life
The manufacturer indicates the life of the 1.6 HDi engine at 200,000 km, but in practice, many of them serve much longer – up to 300,000 – 400,000 km. Nevertheless, to achieve this mileage it is necessary to carefully monitor the technical condition of the engine, perform regular maintenance and timely eliminate emerging problems.