Characteristics of the 1HD engine
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Manufacturing | Toyota Motor Corporation |
| Engine make | 1HD |
| Years of production | 1989-2007 |
| Cylinder block material | Cast iron |
| Engine type | Diesel |
| Configuration | Ready |
| Number of cylinders | 6 |
| Compressors per cylinder | 2 (1HD-T), 4 (1HD-FTE and 1HD-FT) |
| Piston stroke, mm | 100 |
| Cylinder diameter, mm | 94 |
| Compression ratio | 18.6, 18.8 |
| Engine displacement, cc | 4164 |
| Engine power, hp/rpm | 164/3400, 164/3600, 170/3600, 202/3400 |
| Torque, Nm/rpm | 380/1400, 361/1400, 380/2500, 430/1200-3200 |
| Turbocharger | Toyota CT26 |
| Oil consumption, gr./1000 km | to 1000 |
| Engine oil | 5W-30, 10W-30, 15W-40, 20W-50 |
| How much oil in the engine, liters | 9.5 (1HD-T), 9.7 (1HD-FT), 11.4 (1HD-FTE) |
| Oil change is carried out, km | 7000-10000 (5000 is better) |
| Engine operating temperature, deg. | – |
| Engine life, thousand kilometers | – (according to the factory data), 500+ (in practice) |
| Tuning, hp | 200+ (potential), – (without loss of resource) |
| Motor installed | Toyota Land Cruiser 80/100, Toyota Coaster |
Reliability, problems and repair of 1HD-FTE/T/FT engine
The production of 1HD diesel engines was started in 1990 and it appeared on the Toyota Coaster bus and Land Cruiser 80 SUV. This inline 6-cylinder engine replaced the old 12H-T engine with the same layout. The 1HD cylinder block is cast from cast iron with a cylinder bore of 94 mm, inside it is a crankshaft with a piston stroke of 100 mm. This gives a decent displacement of 4.2 liters.
The cylinder block is covered with a cast-iron cylinder head with undivided combustion chambers and a single camshaft. Engines 1HD-FTE and 1HD-FT received 4 valves per cylinder. Inlet valves were 33 mm in diameter, exhaust valves were 30.5 mm in diameter, and valve stem thickness was 7 mm.
The 1HD-T motors had 2 valves per cylinder, the inlet valves were 42.5mm in diameter, the exhaust valves were 36mm in diameter, and the valve stem diameter was 8mm.
On 1HD engines, valves need to be adjusted every 40k miles. Valve clearances on a cold engine are as follows: intake 0.15-0.25 mm, exhaust 0.35-0.45 mm. On the 1HDFTE engine the clearances are as follows: inlet valves 0.17-0.23 mm, exhaust valves 0.47-0.53 mm.
The camshaft is rotated by a timing belt, and timing belt replacement is prescribed after every 100 thousand kilometers or every 80 thousand kilometers in city conditions.
Direct fuel injection is used on these motors.
Toyota 1HD diesels were equipped with a Toyota CT26 turbocharger, which inflates 0.48 bar on the 1HDT and 0.62 bar on the 1HDFT.
The 1HD-FTE engines are fitted with a Toyota CT20B turbo.
The 1HDFTE engines differed from the 1HDFT with improved cooling in the area of exhaust valves and injectors, new exhaust valve seats, other pistons and compression ratio of 18.8, instead of 18.6, here the engine oil volume was increased. And also, the 1HD-FT uses a mechanical fuel injector, while the 1HD-FTE has an electronic one, the FTE uses a different valve cover, new camshafts 216/246 instead of 224/246.
Such modifications allowed to get more power and torque throughout the range.
To make the motors comply with modern ecological classes, the EGR system is used here.
Along with turbocharged 1HD, related atmospheric diesels 1HZ were produced.
The 1HDs were assembled until 2007, then they were replaced by the 1VD diesel with V8 configuration.
Toyota 1HD diesel engine problems and shortcomings
The 1HD-FT diesels have a problem with wear on the rockers, rocker axle and camshaft, this leads to backlash, loosening of the valves and their meeting with the pistons. During the next trip to adjust the valves (and it must be done every 40 thousand kilometers) it is worth inspecting the condition of the timing mechanism. It is important to timely replace the worn axle, worn rockers, if necessary, and the camshaft, intake valves, valve springs, as well as clean the encrusted guides and dirty intake manifold. A post mortem will show what is needed specifically in your case.
It will also be good to shut off the EGR valve, it is not a bad solution not only for 1HD-FT, but for all 1HD diesels, it will noticeably ease the life of the motor and increase its resource.
Despite the above described, turbocharged 1HD diesels, as well as their atmospheric counterparts 1HZ, are simple, reliable and, with decent regular maintenance using high quality oil and good diesel fuel, do not cause any problems. The resource of 1HD can easily exceed 500-600-700 thousand kilometers.
Tuning of the 1HD engine
Chip tuning
1HD-FTE diesel engine can be chip-tuned and with its help you can add 40-50 hp and up to 100 Nm of torque, which will noticeably change the character of the car. Those for whom this power and this torque are not enough can look at the turbo kit from Gturbo, which will increase the output to 400 hp at the wheels and torque to 1000++ Nm.
MOTOR RATING: 5